Federico Razzoli

Federico Razzoli is a database professional, with a preference for open source databases, who has been working with DBMSs since year 2000. In the past 20+ years, he served in a number of companies as a DBA, Database Engineer, Database Consultant and Software Developer. In 2016, Federico summarized his extensive experience with MariaDB in the “Mastering MariaDB” book published by Packt. Being an experienced database events speaker, Federico speaks at professional conferences and meetups and conducts database trainings. He is also a supporter and advocate of open source software. As the Director of Vettabase, Federico does business worldwide but prefers to do it from Scotland where he lives.

PostgreSQL Features Missing in Amazon Redshift

by Federico Razzoli | Amazon Redshift, PostgreSQL

Redshift is an Amazon database technology available for AWS customers. It is based on PostgreSQL 8. The codebase was modified to develop a horizontally scalable SQL DBMS, suitable for analytics, and in particular Data WareHouse. Many PostgreSQL features are not...

Why Tables need a Primary Key in MariaDB and MySQL

by Federico Razzoli | MariaDB, MariaDB InnoDB, MySQL, MySQL InnoDB

In MariaDB and MySQL, all tables should have a primary key – especially InnoDB tables. I mentioned this in several articles, see Primary Key in InnoDB: how they work and best practices. But occasionally people tell me that they are not convinced about that, and I have...

Updating triggers in production with MariaDB and MySQL

by Federico Razzoli | MariaDB, MySQL

Sometimes it is necessary to update multiple triggers in production. It may be necessary to do so without causing temporary inconsistencies between them, which could cause a service disruption or lead to write incorrect data into the database. To update triggers...

What does NULL mean in SQL?

by Federico Razzoli | SQL Language

There have been endless discussions already if NULL should be implemented in relational databases, and if it should even be included in the relational theory. My favourite quote on this subject is from the person who helped Ted Codd to divulgate – and probably refine...

MariaDB/MySQL: Using views to grant or deny row-level privileges

by Federico Razzoli | MariaDB, MySQL

Relational DBMSs allow to grant users permissions on certain tables or columns. Privileges can also determine what a user can do – typical privileges are SELECT, INSERT,DELETE, UPDATE. Privileges are assigned or revoked using the GRANT and REVOKE statements. But how...

DROP TABLE improvements in MariaDB

by Federico Razzoli | MariaDB

MariaDB implemented several improvements to the DROP TABLE statement. We summarise them here. This article will be kept up to date when MariaDB implements further improvements, in the future. Contributions Before listing the improvements, it's worth mentioning that a...

MariaDB RETURNING Statements

by Federico Razzoli | MariaDB

Many DBMSs support a way to get information about a rows we just deleted, updated, or inserted. The syntax varies depending on the DBMS, and some of them allow more options than others. Currently MySQL has no similar feature. MariaDB supports the RETURNING keyword for...

Welcome to the Vetta

by Federico Razzoli | Company updates

Though I have many things to write, I'll keep this post short and avoid it to be auto-congratulatory. Long story short, I turned my freelance business into a company: Vettabase Ltd. My companion Francesca is with me in this adventure, covering most of the...